| Last 5 Years | |
|---|---|
| Number of Guides | 75 |
| Number of PhD Awarded | 28 |
| "Number of Scholars pursing research(ongoing)" | 240 |
| Number of Publications | 615 |
| Number of Patents filed / Published | 63 filed / 26 published |
| "Funded Projects / Government research grants" | 2,70,55,464 /- |
Department of BioTechonology
| Last 5 Years ( 2021,2022, 2023, 2024, 2025) | |
|---|---|
| Number of Guides | 20 |
| Number of PhD Awarded | 18 |
| Number of Scholars oursuing research (Ongoing) | 61 |
| Number of Publications | 147 |
| Number of Patents filed / Published | 35 Filed, 10 Published, 1 Granted |
| Funded Projects / Government research grants | 1,29,33,902 |
Department of Chemistry
| Last 5 Years | |
|---|---|
| Number of Guides | 18 |
| Number of PhD Awarded | 12 |
| Number of Scholars pursing research(ongoing) |
94 |
| Number of Publications | 263 |
| Number of Patents filed / Published | 27 |
| Funded Projects / Government research grants |
36,021,741 |
Department of Physics
| Last 5 Years (2021-2025) | |
|---|---|
| Number of Guides | 15 |
| Number of PhD Awarded | 7 |
| Number of Scholars pursing research(ongoing) |
63 |
| Number of Publications | 163 |
| Number of Patents filed / Published | 16 |
| Funded Projects / Government research grants |
29,08,000/ |
Department of Mathematics
| Last 5 Years (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025) | |
|---|---|
| Number of Guides | 26 |
| Number of PhD Awarded | 19 |
| Number of Scholars | 81 |
| pursing research(ongoing) | |
| Number of Publications | 427 |
| Number of Patents filed / Published | 33 |
| Funded Projects /Government research grants | NIL |
Department of Biotechnology
Department of Chemistry
Department of Mathematics
Department of Physics
Department of Biotechnology
| Sl.No | Name of the Project | Funding Agency (Govt / others) | Name of Principal Investigator | Name of Co- Principal Investigator | Name of the School | Year of Sanctioned | Sanctioned amount (in Rs.) | Duration of the project | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alcohol-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress and epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of ALD: Role of HIF-1 and 2α | DST-SERB | Dr. V.Damodara Reddy | Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University | 2022 | 41,10,000 | 5 | Completed | |
| 2 | Role of miRNA26 and nitric oxide in alcohol induced hepatocarcinoma A mechanic study using HepG2 cell line | DST/WOS-A | Dr. Padmavathi Pannuru & Dr. V. Damodara Reddy | Dr. V.Damodara Reddy (Mentor) | Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University | 2022 | 4100000/- | 3 Years | On-going |
| 3 | Wolbachia infection and its implication on population structe and dynamics of uzifly Exorista sorbillans's (Diptera: Tachinidae) | SERB-TARE | Dr. Guruprasad N M | Dr. Manjunathareddy G.B (Mentor), Senior Scientist, ICAR-NIVEDI, Bangalore. | Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University | 2022 | 1500000/- | 3 years | Sanctioned |
| 4 | An integrated toxicogenomic analysis to understand the pathophysiology of human lung cells and immune cells chronically exposed to the low-concentration of airborne micro/nano-plastics, in vitro | ANRF-SRG | Dr. Gopinath PM | - | Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University | 2023 | 32,23,902 INR | 2 years | On-going |
Department of Chemistry
| Sl.No | Name of the Project | Funding Agency (Govt / others) | Name of Principal Investigator | Name of Co- Principal Investigator | Name of the School | Year of Sanctioned | Sanctioned amount (in Rs.) | Duration of the project | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iron Doped Cobalt-Nickel Layered Double Hydroxides as Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts: AQuest of Iron Effect | SERB-CRG | Dr. Nagaraju D H | Nil | Chemistry | 2022 | 5668696 | 3 years | On going |
| 2 | Development of High Rate and Low Discharge Intercalation Materials for Capacitive Desalination | DST | Dr. Nagaraju D H | Nil | Chemistry | 2023 | 4484849 | 3 years | Ongoing |
| 3 | Capacitive Demetallization-A Novel Approach to Near Net Zero Liquid Discharge of Micro Etech Processof the Printed Circuit Board | DST | Dr. Nagaraju D H | Dr. Nagendra G | Chemistry | 2023 | 3658006 | 2 years | Ongoing |
| 4 | Lignosulfonate/Cellulose and Lignocellulose Carbonaceous Materials Derived from Coir Fiber and its Application to Supercapacitors | Central Coir Research Institute |
Dr. Nagaraju D H | Dr. Madhusudana Reddy | Chemistry | 2024 | 2995000 | 2 years | Ongoing |
| 5 | Layered Mixed metal carbono-phosphates and their Derivatives for the Fabrication of High-performance Sodium ion Battery | SERB | Dr. Ashoka S | Nil | Chemistry | 2024 | 1830000 | 3 years | Ongoing |
| 6 | Studies on Chemical Synthesis of Teixobactin Analogs and its Mimetics Through the LEGO Approach | DST | Dr. Nagendra G | Nil | Chemistry | 2023 | 2280190 | 3 years | Ongoing |
| 7 | Strengthen research facilities in the department | DST-FIST | Dr. Nagaraju D H | Dr. Ashoka S | Chemistry | 2023 | 15100000 | 5 years | Ongoing |
| 8 | Synthetic Approaches of Antibiotics Peptides In Solution Phase Through A Organic Linker | KSCST | Dr. Nagendra G | Nil | Chemistry | 2025 | 5000 | 0.5 years | Ongoing |
Department of Physics
| Sl.No | Name of the Project | Funding Agency (Govt / others) | Name of Principal Investigator | Name of Co- Principal Investigator | Name of the School | Year of Sanctioned | Sanctioned amount (in Rs.) | Duration of the project | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Work function tuning of carbon quantum dots scaffolded two dimensional | UGC-DAE-CSR | Dr. Hareesh K | Nil | Physics | 2021 | 15,78,000/- | 3 years | Completed |
| Nil | |||||||||
| 2 | Temperature controlled smart and portable water storage using peltier module. | KSCST | Dr Premkumar D S | Dr Mahendra | Physics | 2023 | 8,000/ | 0.5 Year | Completed |
| 3 | Futuristic Low-cost Ternary Metal Oxide Nano-material for Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Applications | VGST | Dr Premkumar D S | Nil | Physics | 2024 | 9,80,000/ | 2 years | Ongoing |
Department of BioTechonology
| Sl No | Inventors | Title | Status | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prof. Renuka Madhu | A Method of producing IAA through bacterial biotransformation using seed protein hydrolysate as tryptophan source | Published | 2022 |
| 2 | Dr. Ankita Chatterjee | A Method of Microbial Bioformulation for Biotransformation thereof | Published | 2022 |
| 3 | Dr. V. Damodara Reddy | Synthesis Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies of a Series of Fluorinated 2-Amino Pyrimidines, Fluorinated Pyrazoles and Fluorinated Isoxazoles as Possible Anti-Cancer Agents. | Published | 2023 |
| 4 | Dr. V. Damodara Reddy | A fortified food with anti diabetic activity | Published | 2024 |
| 5 | Dr. V. Damodara Reddy | An efficient and eco-friendly procedure for electrophilic thiocyanation of anilines and 1-(substituted benzylidene)-2-phenyl hydrazines. | Published | 2024 |
| 6 | Dr. V. Damodara Reddy | . Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, in silico screening and Anti-cancer potential of substituted 2-(4-acetyl-5- methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-N-phenylacetamide Derivatives | Published | 2024 |
| 7 | Dr. V. Damodara Reddy | . Synthesis of linear, Enduracididine free Teixobactin analog: In-silico screening and its biological activities. | Published | 2024 |
| 8 | Dr. V. Damodara Reddy | Exploring Camptotheca acuminata phytochemicals as potential linhibitors for throat cancer targets using in vitro and molecular docking studies. | Published | 2025 |
| 9 | Prof. Renuka Madhu | A Method of producing IAA through bacterial biotransformation using seed protein hydrolysate as tryptophan source | Granted | 2024 |
| 10 | Dr.Yuvashree M | Polymeric microparticles of methanolic extract of Luffa echinata fruit to treat Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Published | 2024 |
| 11 | Dr. Yuvashree M | An apparatus for synthesis of polymeric microparticle | Published | 2025 |
| 12 | Dr. Prabhakar Mishra | Controlling droplet size in nanoemulsion via low-energy fabrication techniques | Published | 2026 |
Department of Chemistry
| Sl No | Inventors | Title | Status | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Khaja Mohiddin Shaik and Dr. Komala Pandurangan | Novel Purine Linked 1,2,3-Triazoleacetamide Scaffolds as Potent Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, Docking Interactions, DFT Calculations and ADME-T Studies | Published | 2025 |
| 2 | Dr. Ramakrishna Reddy Kotanka, Mr.Althaf Hussain Shaik, Dr. Kirankumar Nalla | Development and Validation of a Novel Chiral HPLC Method for Identifying and Quantifying R&S Enantiomers in Ropivacaine Using Immobilized Chiral Stationary Phase | Published | 2025 |
| 3 | Dr. Ramakrishna Reddy Kotanka, Mr Narayana Reddy P, Dr. Raghu Ram P | Identification and Quantification of Genotoxic impurities in Bupropion Hydrobromide | Published | 2025 |
| 4 | Sahana Raju, Darshan M, Bhanupriya H, Manjunatha S, Shivanna M, Manjunatha K, Suman Kumar | A Step Towards Efficient Water Splitting: A High-Performance CuCo(OH)2/CNT/MoS2 Electrocatalyst | Published | 2025 |
| 5 | Bhanupriya H, Manjunatha S,Shivanna M, Manjunath K, | Designing a sturdy metal oxide driven electrocatalyst for electrochemical water splitting: CuO/Mn3O4/MWCNT a bifunctional electrocatalyst | Published | 2025 |
| 6 | B.E. Kumara Swamy, Mohan Kumar, Sathish Reddy | Coconut oil as a binder for the fabrication of biocompatible paste electrodes, and dopamine detection | Published | 2025 |
| 7 | B.E. Kumara Swamy, Abhishek KJ Sathish Reddy |
Metal organic framework/Carbon Nanotube/Nanocellulose Based Composite Electrode for electrochemicaldetection of Chloramphenicol and Furazolidone | Published | 2025 |
| 8 | Veeranjaneyulu Avula, Selvakumaran Balaraman, UmamaheshwarSiripurapu, Akshitha D N, Nagendra G, Ranjith Kumar M, Surya Prakash Rao H | Method for the synthesis of Trofinetide and its analogues | Published | 2025 |
| 9 | Rajesh, Sushma, Madhusudana Reddy MB, Santhosh SC & RU |
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and biological assesment | Published | 2024 |
| 10 | I J Gopikumar, P. Komala, Madhusudana Reddy, Nagarajaiah
H |
Synthesis and characterization of Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-piperidine and 2, 3- dihydrothiophene- 1, 1-dioxides - imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives | Published | 2024 |
| 11 | Shivanna M, Suman Kumar, Sahana R, Manjunatha S | Enhanced electrochemical complete water splitting activity of FeMn-LDH with 1TMoS2 composite | Published | 2024 |
| 12 | Nagendra G, Ramya M, Veernajaneyulu A, Lalithamba H. S | TAG-Supported approach for the gram-scale synthesis of Lipobactin | Published | 2024 |
| 13 | Nagaraju D H, Shivakumar P, Ranjit Thapa, Narad Barman, Sourav Ghosh, Srinivasa budagumpi, Shubhankar Kumar Bose | QUEST FOR IRON EFFECT: NICO2S4 SPINEL SULFIDE PHASE TRANSITION INFLUENCE ON ELECTRO-CATALYTIC SPLITTING REACTION APPLICATION | Published | 2024 |
| 14 | Dr.Lakshmi.B, Dr. Sathish reddy, Dr. Nagendra, Dr. Sunitha, Dr.Damodar reddy | The designed multi-purpose protein and fiber rich immune boost powder for the regular use by different age groups. | Published | 2023 |
| 15 | Dr.Lakshmi.B, Dr. Sathish reddy, Dr. Nagendra, Dr. Sunitha, Dr.Damodar reddy | Millets, ragi and sprout containing immuno-boosting-based protein and fiber rich powder and drink for different age groups | Published | 2023 |
| 16 | Mubeena, Dr. Madhusudana Reddy and Dr. Nagarajaiah | Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure Studies, and Molecular Docking Studies of a Series of Amino-Pyrimidines as possible AntiCancer Agents | Published | 2023 |
| 17 | Dr Srinivas M, Mrs Nalina S, Ms Kavya K and Dr Nagarajaiah.H |
Photomineralization of methylene blue activated by heterogenous doped CoFe2O4 under visible light | Published | 2023 |
| 18 | A Mubeena, Dr. Madhusudana Reddy, Dr. Nagrajaih H | Synthesis Characterization and Molecular Docking studies of a series of fluorinated 2-amino pyrimidines, fluorinated pyrazoles and fluorinated isoxazoles as possible anti-cancer Agents. | Published | 2023 |
| 19 | Abhishek K J,Sathish Reddy, Veeraghavan,Lakshmi B, B.E. Kumara Swamy, Mohan Kumar | Simultaneous Detection of Chloramphenicol and Furazolidone Antibiotics using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Carbon Paste Electrode | Published | 2023 |
| 20 | Dr Srinivas M, Ms Kavya K Dr Ramakrishna Reddy |
Development of novel gdwo3/g-C3N4 ternary composite for visible light driven photocatalyst. | Published | 2023 |
| 21 | Dr. LAKSHMI B | Phyto mediated curcumin decorated gold and silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications | Published | 2022 |
| 22 | Dr. Nagaraju, Prof. Shwetha & Dr. Shivanna | RUTHENIUM CLUSTERS ON IRON OXIDE/MWCNTs CATALYSTS -METHOD OF PREPARATION AND THEIR HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION APPLICATION | Published | 2022 |
| 23 | Dr. Sakthivel | Method of fabrication for metallopolymeric thin film electocatalysts for low overpotential and stable hydrogen evolution in acid electrolytes | Published | 2022 |
| 24 | Dr.Srinivas M, Kavya K | Fabrication of NdWO3/g-C3N4 Z-Scheme heterojunction as highly efficient visible light photocatalyst | Published | 2022 |
| 25 | Dr.Srinivas M, Pooja M, Dr. Ramakrishna Reddy | Ni doped BiVO4 for efficient photocatalytic degradation of naproxen under visible-light irradiation | Published | 2022 |
| 26 | Sathish Reddy. B.E. Kumaraswamy, Mohan Kumar | A method of Natural New Binder for Carbon Paste Electrode for Voltammetry | Published | 2022 |
| 27 | Dr Srinivas M | Development of RGO-CoFe2O4 COMPOSITES with different PH condition by using PH meter | Published | 2021 |
Department of Mathematics
| Sl No | Inventors | Title | Status | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prof. Swathi Pai M | IOT BASED SMART LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR FIVE DIFFERENT STUDIO TYPED SMART HOUSES | Published | 2021 |
| 2 | Prof. Swathi Pai M | BIGDATA FOR SECURE EMAIL SPAM FILTERING | Published | 2021 |
| 3 | S Satheesh Kumar | System for Mine Safety using Multi-Gas Detector Using Cloud-based IoT | Published | 2021 |
| 4 | Dr. Mahalakshmi | DESIGN OF SMART HEALTHCARE MODEL FOR MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYZING USING DEEP LEARNING | Published | 2021 |
| 5 | 1) Dr. V. Muthukumaran | Secure Authentication Scheme for Telecare Medicine Information Systems using Non-Commutative | Published | 2021 |
| 2) Dr. S. Lakshminarayana | ||||
| 6 | 1) Dr. M. Vishu Kumar | AI Based Healthcare Chatbot System using Medical Treatment for Consulting Physician | Published | 2021 |
| 2) Dr. U Vijaya Chandra Kumar | ||||
| 7 | 1) Dr. V. Muthukumaran | Efficient Signcryption Schemes for IoT System based on Near-ring | Published | 2021 |
| 2) Dr. R. Murugesan | ||||
| 8 | 1) Mr. Anjaneyulu Mekala | Products / Services Based on MCDSN using SQL Server | Published | 2021 |
| 2) Dr. U. Vijaya Chandra Kumar | ||||
| 3) Dr. R. Murali | ||||
| 9 | 1)Dr. M. Thirunavukkarasan | Optimizing FrameWork for Carcinoma Cancer Type Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Technique | Published | 2021 |
| 2)Dr.Rajendra Prasad Mahapatra | ||||
| 3)Dr.V. Muthukumaran | ||||
| 10 | 1)Dr.S Azarudheen | Scan Data Classification for Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3D MRI Slices by Convolutional | Published | 2021 |
| 2)Dr. R. Udhayakumar | ||||
| 3)Dr. Rose Bindu Joseph | ||||
| 4)Dr.V. Muthukumaran | ||||
| 11 | 1)Dara Vijaya Lakshmi | Effective Learning Management System Enhanced with Internet of Things | Published | 2022 |
| 2)Dr. M. Saradha | ||||
| 3)Dr. Rajalakshmi V | ||||
| 4) REVA University | ||||
| 12 | 1)Dr. M. Saradha | Intuitionistic Fuzzy Solid Assignment Problems for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making. | Published | 2022 |
| 2)Dr. V. Vinod Kumar, Jain University | ||||
| 3)S. Satheesh Kumar, REVA University | ||||
| 4)Dr. Sathish Kumar M, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science | ||||
| 5)Dr. Udhayakumar R, VIT | ||||
| 6.REVA University | ||||
| 13 | 1)Dr.Punith Kumar D N 2)Shankar R(BMSIT&M) 3)Ravikumar B N(BMSIT&M) 4)Manohar R(Sir.MVIT) 5)Asha H V(NMIT) 6)Raghav S(Sir.MVIT) 7)Vijayakumara Y M(Sir.MVIT) 8)Suguna M K(Sir.MVIT) 9)Byregowda B K((Sir.MVIT). |
Secure Trust Delegation for Sharing Patient Medical Records in Mobile Environment | Published | 2022 |
| 14 | 1. Dr. Saradha. M, REVA University 2. Pavithra. C, REVA University 3. REVA University |
Integrating Collaborative Filtering Technique Using Rating Approach to Ascertain Similarity between the Users | Published | 2023 |
| 15 | 1. Dara Vijayalakshmi, REVA University 2. Dr. Saradha. M, REVA University 3. Chaitanya Valaparla, FlairX Networks, Bangalore. 4. Dr. R. Karthik, REVA University 5. REVA University |
Autistic Children's Emotion Recognition for Effective Learning with Smart Class Video Using Technology | Published | 2023 |
| 16 | 1. Dr. Manjula Sanjay Koti, Dayananda Sagar Academy of
Technology and Management 2. Mr.S.Satheesh Kumar, REVA University 3. REVA University |
Deep Learning-Based Patient Monitoring System Using IoT for Healthcare | Published | 2023 |
| 17 | 1)Mr.S.Satheesh Kumar, REVA University 2) Dr. V. Muthukumaran,SRM Institute of Science and Technology 3) Mrs. Radhika E.K, Sindhi College 4) REVA University 5) Mr. Shreyas K.P, REVA University 6) Ms.Nagashree B. A, REVA University 7) Mrs. Aparna N, REVA University 8) Dr.Danilo Pelusi, University of Teramo |
IoT-Driven Wireless Communication System of Wind-Induced
Pressure Prediction on Tall Buildings for Smart City |
Published | 2023 |
| 18 | 1) Dr.Geetha V, REVA University 2) Dr. Devi. A, REVA University 3) REVA University 4) Mr. Sandeep Kumar .M, Galgotias University 5) Ms.Arpana G K, East West College of Engineering 6) Mr. S.Satheesh Kumar, REVA University 7) Dr. M. Angeline Kavitha, Voorhees College 8) Dr. Sukumar R, VIT Bhopal University |
Wireless Communication for IoT driven healthcare for Smart Distribution | Published | 2023 |
| 19 | 1) Mr.Darshan M 2) Dr. Mahalakshmi 3) REVA University |
APPLICATION OF EDA AND LINEAR REGRESSION FOR DISTRICT WISE
DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN KARNATAKA, INDIA |
Published | 2023 |
| 20 | 1) Mr. Shreyas K.P, REVA University 2) Dr.Geetha V, REVA University 3) Dr. A George Maria Selvam, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) 4) Mr. Nagaraju S, REVA University 5) Mr. Ismailkhan E, Vellore Institute of Technology 6) REVA University 7) Mr. S Satheesh Kumar, REVA University 8) Dr. Rose Bindu Joseph P, Dayanand Sagar Collegeof Engineering |
Design system of privacy and data protection in IOT driven mobile internet of system for healthcare | Published | Filed in 2023 /Published in 2024 |
| 21 | Prof. Satheesh Kumar S , Dr. Geetha V | DESIGN SYSTEM OF PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION IN IOT-DRIVEN MOBILE INTERNET OF SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE | Published | 2024 |
| 22 | Dr. Saradha.M, Ms. Pavithra. C and REVA University | CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF CLUSTERED NON-LINEAR
SEPARABLE DATA SET USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES |
Published | 2024 |
| 23 | Dr. Saradha.M, Ms. Pavithra. C and REVA University | COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION APPROACH BY INTEGRATING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES FOR ADVANCED INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS | Published | 2024 |
| 24 | Name of Applicant: REVA University, Mr.S.Satheesh Kumar, Dr.V.Muthukumaran, Mrs.Radhika E.K, Name of Inventor: Mrs.ArpanaG K, Dr.A.George Maria Selvam, Dr.M.Angeline kavitha, | Intelligent Signal Network for Real-Time Traffic Management and Safety Monitoring with IoT and AI Integration | Published | 2024 |
| 25 | Mr. S. Satheesh Kumar | AI-Based Traffic Incident Detection and Road Safety Optimization Using Deep Learning Models | Published | 2025 |
| 26 | Dr Saradha M, Ms C Pavithra , REVA University | Optimizing Mail Sorting with Naive Bayes Classifier and Enhanced Feature Extraction Method | Published | 2025 |
| 27 | Dr. Salma A,Dr. Hanumagowda BN, Dr. Sreekala CK, REVA University | Application Of Couple-Stress Fluid Dynamics In Lubrication Machinery:Comparative Analysis Of Radial And Azimuthal Roughness ThroughPorous Medium | Published | 2025 |
| 28 | Dr. Udaya Kumara K N, Harshita Urs A S, Prathyusha G, Rekha J, REVA University | A Fuzzy MCDM Model-Aided Trash-to-Energy Plan for
environmentally friendly Solidifying Resource Management |
Published | 2025 |
| 29 | Dr Saradha M, Ms C Pavithra , REVA University | Transforming Clustered Nonlinear Separable Data using Nonlinear Mapping Functions and SVM for Enhanced Classification | Published | 2025 |
| 30 | Dr Saradha M, Dr C Pavithra , REVA University | Development of Mathematical Model Integrated Hybrid Neural Network Architecture framework (ANN-GA) exploring Brain oscillatory activity and neurological disorders | Published | 2025 |
| 31 | Anjaneyulu Mekala, U. Vijaya Chandra Kumar, G. Srinivasulu Goud,
D. Saidi Reddy, |
AI-Driven Drone Technology for Agricultural Monitoring Using Brick Product Graphs |
Published | 18.07.2025 |
| 32 | Gouni Srinivasulu Goud, Anjaneyulu Mekala, U. Vijaya Chandra
Kumar, K. Veera Reddy, D. Saidi Reddy, |
AI-Driven Nutrient Deficiency Detection in Crop Images via Region Adjacency Graph |
Published | 01.08.2025 |
| 33 | D. Saidi Reddy, Anjaneyulu Mekala, U. Vijaya Chandra Kumar, K. Veera Reddy, G. Srinivasulu Goud | Optimizing Intelligent Health Monitoring Using Minimal
Dominating Sets and AI-Driven Adaptive Networks |
Published | 01.08.2026 |
Department of Physics
| Sl No | Inventors | Title | Status | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dr. R. Ramaraghavulu | Ppm-level hydrogen gas sensor based on nanostructure thin films. | Published | 6/1/2023 |
| 2 | Dr.D.PrakashBabu | ROBOTIC ARM TO PREPARE SIMPLE OXIDE THIN FILMS BY SILAR METHOD | Published | 28-02-2023 |
| 3 | Dr.Sunitha D V | WET CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF LA2O3:DY3+ NANOPHOSPHORS: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND LUMINESCENCE STUDIES | Published | 16-06-2023 |
| 4 | Dr. Prem Kumar D.S | TITLE OF THE INVENTION: METAL OXIDE ABSORBER FOR AN EFFCIENCENT SOLAR CELL APPROACHING 30% EFFICIENCY | Published | 24-11-2023 |
| 5 | Dr.Sunitha D V & Dhamini R | Emergency calling siren for method and system to detect and alter vehicles with in closed proximity | Published | 22-12-2023 |
| 6 | Dr. Prem Kumar D.S | INCORPORATION OF BACKSURFACE FIELD TO ENHANCE DEVICE EFFICIENCY OF METAL OXIDE SOLAR CELL, APPROACHING 33%. | Published | 22-12-2023 |
| 7 | Dr. Ganesh Shridhar Hegde | MULTICHANNEL HEMOLYMPH COLLECTOR | Published | Sep-24 |
| 8 | Dr.Sunitha | PRODUCTION OF ZNO:EU3+ NANOPHOSPHORS BY USING AGELE MARMATOSA EXTRACT AND ENHANCING THE LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES FOR LED APPLICATION | Published | Jul-24 |
| 9 | Dr.D.PrakashBabu | Perovskite AlxSr1-xTiO3 for enhanced photocatalytic and
memory Applications |
published | 5/6/2023 |
| 10 | Dr M Madesh kumar | Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposite with Chromium-Doped Alumina for Enhanced EMI Shielding: Composition and Synthesis Method" | Published | Jul-25 |
| 11 | Dr G Ranjith Kumar | Borate-Based Glass with Tuneable Manganese Dioxide Concentrationfor Enhanced Optical and Electrical Properties | Published | Aug-25 |
| 12 | Dr.Ganesh Shridhar Hegde | Bi₂Se₃/NaI-Based Thermoelectric Composite Material with Enhanced Electrical and Seebeck Properties | Published | 25-Aug |
| 13 | Dr.Sunitha & Kartik | Er³⁺-activated Dy₂O₃ nanoparticles with PVP encapsulation for dual visible–NIR emission in optoelectronic, forensic, and anti-counterfeiting applications. | Published | 5/9/2025 |
| 14 | Dr.Sunitha & Kartik | Engineered Dy₂O₃:Ce³⁺ nanoparticles with PVP surface
functionalization for integrated applications in White LED
Lighting, radiation dosimetry, latent fingerprint detection, and
anti-counterfeiting. The new patent titles are as follows: |
Published | 5/9/2025 |
| 15 | Dr.Sunitha & Kartik | PVP-coated Dy₂O₃/Pr₂O₃ nanocomposite synthesized via Solution combustion for multifunctional optoelectronic and solid-state lighting | Published | 5/9/2025 |
| 16 | Dr.Ganesh Shridhar Hegde | Investigation of physical and optical properties of ZnF2-doped
B2O3–Li2O–SrO oxyfluoride glasses exhibiting UV-B luminescence |
Published | 2/10/2025 |
| 17 | Dr.Ganesh Shridhar Hegde | Defect‑engineered single crystal Bi2Te3 via Sb
and Se doping for enhanced thermoelectric performance |
Published | 9/10/2025 |
| 16 | Dr. Prem Kumar D.S | Thermoelectric device enabled Bi-functional temperature-controlled liquid dispenser with technological design thereof. | Published | 18/7/2025 |
Department of Bio Technology
| Sl.No | Name Of the Faculty | Email.Id | Area of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dr. Damodara Reddy V | damodara.reddyv@reva.edu.in | Cancer Biology |
| 2 | Dr. Senthil Kumar R | senthilkumar.r@reva.edu.in | GPCR Signaling, Ferrotosis |
| 3 | Dr. Manjula K.R | manjula.kr@reva.edu.in | Neurobiology and Genetics |
| 4 | Dr. N.M.Guruprasad | guruprasad.nm@reva.edu.in | Microbiology |
| 5 | Dr. R. Ramachandra | r.ramachandra@reva.edu.in | Plant Biotechnology, Molecular Biology |
| 6 | Dr. Santaram Katta | santharam.ks@reva.edu.in | Yeast Cell Biology, Fungal Biology |
| 7 | Dr. Karthick Vasudevan | karthick.vasudevan@reva.edu.in | Bioinformatics, Genomics |
| 8 | Dr. Ramya M | ramya.m@reva.edu.in | Genotoxicity and bioprospecting of endophytic fungi |
| 9 | Dr. Santosh Anand | santosh.anand@reva.edu.in | Neurobiology and Cardiovascular toxicology |
| 10 | Dr. Prabhakar Mishra | prabhakar.mishra@reva.edu.in | Nanobiotechnology, Vector Borne Diseases, Environmental Biotechnology, Aquaculture |
| 11 | Dr. Gopinath PM | gopinath.manogaran@reva.edu.in | Toxicology, Cell biology, Nanotechnology, Environmental pollution research |
| 12 | Dr. Nethravathy V | nethravathi.v@reva.edu.in | Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Agriculture Microbiology and Food processing Research |
| 13 | Dr. Ankita Chatterjee | ankita.chatterjee@reva.edu.in | Environmental Science and Pollution Research and Antibiotic Resistance |
| 14 | Dr..K.R.Dasegowda | dasegowda.kr@reva.edu.in | Bioinformatics, Computer aided drug design and Biomaterials |
| 15 | Dr. Hemavathi | hemavathi@reva.edu.in | Microbiology, plant and Agriculture Biotechnology |
| 16 | Dr. Yuvashree | yuvashree.m@reva.edu.in | Toxicology, Cell biology, Nanotechnology, Environmental pollution research |
| 17 | Dr. Rambharan Singh | rambaran.singh@reva.edu.in | Agriculture Biotechnology |
| 18 | Dr. Agnik Halder | agnik.haldar@reva.edu.in | Bioinformatics, AI/ML, Gut Microbiome |
| 19 | Vivek Keshri | vivek_keshri@reva.edu.in | Bioinformatics |
| 20 | Dr. Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao | Dir.ir@reva.edu.in | Life Sciences |
Department of Chemistry
| Sl.No | Name Of the Faculty | Email.Id | Area of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dr .Madhusudana reddy | madhusudana.mb@reva.edu.in | 1. Organic method developement usingheterogeneous catalysisby metal nano particles. 2. Eco-friendly organic synthesis by Green chemistry protocols. 3. Synthesis and conformation of hybrid peptides. 4. Nanomaterial synthesis characterisation for different applications |
| 2 | Dr. Sakthivel Kandaiah | sakthivel.k@reva.edu.in | Electrochemistry, Electrochemical energy conversion, Catalysis, Solar energy conversion |
| 3 | Dr.Lakshmi B | lakshmib@reva.edu.in | 1. Design, synthesis and biological activities of AHL’S (2) Synthesis and Applications of Maleimide Epoxy resins (polymers) (4) Synthesis and applications of Nanomaterial. |
| 4 | Dr. K. Ramakrishna Reddy | k.ramakrishnareddy@reva.edu.in | Metalcomplexes, Electro chemistry, Analytical chemistry |
| 5 | Dr. S. Shivakumara | s.shivakumara@reva.edu.in | Materials Electrochemistry: Electrode Materials for Batteries, Supercapacitors, and Electrochemical Sensors |
| 6 | Dr. Nagaraju D H | nagaraju.dh@reva.edu.in | Electrochemistry-Batteries, Supercapacitors, Sensors, H2 and O2 Genration catalysts, Anlytical Chemistry, Water Purification |
| 7 | Dr. Nagendra G | nagendra.g@reva.edu.in | Organic synthesis, Synthesis of peptides and peptidomimetics |
| 8 | Dr. Sathish Reddy | sathish.reddy@reva.edu.in | Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization, energy conversion, electrochemical sensor, electrochemistry, neural interfaces, biosensors. |
| 9 | Dr.Nagarajaiah | nagarajaiah.h@reva.edu.in | Organic synthesis, Medicinal Chemistry and Crystallography. |
| 10 | Dr Srinivas M | srinivas.m@reva.edu.in | Photocatalysis, Material Chemistry and Electrochemistry |
| 11 | Dr. Shivanna M | shivanna.m@reva.edu.in | Solid state and structural chemistry, Nanomaterials and elelctrochemistry |
| 12 | Dr. Palakollu Venkata Narayana | venkatanarayana.palakollu@reva.edu.in | Material composites, electrochemical sensors and biosensors, 2D materials synthesis |
| 13 | Dr. Ashoka S | ashoka.s@reva.edu.in | Nanstrctured materials, Energy sotrage and conversion devices, Hydrgen generation |
| 14 | Dr.Gitanjali Pradhan | gitanjali.pradhan@reva.edu.in | Catalysis, Renewable Energy, Organic Synthesis |
| 15 | Dr. Swagata Halder | swagata.halder@reva.edu.in | Computationl Chemistry |
| 16 | Dr. Komala Pandurangan | komala.pandurangan@reva.edu.in | Organic Sensors |
| 17 | Dr. Sreekanth | sreekanth.r@reva.edu.in | Optimized methodology-based synthesis of binary and ternary metal oxides and their composites |
| 18 | Dr. Shwetha K R | shwetha.kr@reva.edu.in | Materials for Water electrolysis |
Department of Mathematics
| Sl.No | Name Of the Faculty | Email.Id | Area of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dr. Vishu Kumar M | vishukumarm@reva.edu.in | Graph Theory |
| 2 | Dr. Madhusudhan Zalki | madhusudhanzalki@reva.edu.in | Statistics/Operations Research |
| 3 | Dr. R Murugesan | r.murugesan@reva.edu.in | Optimization Techniques/Fuzzy logic/Image Processing |
| 4 | Dr. Udaya Kumar K N | udayakumarkn@reva.edu.in | Operations Research |
| 5 | Dr. Raju B T | rajubt@reva.edu.in | Fluid Mechanics/Dynamics |
| 6 | Dr. Vasantha D M | vasanthadm@reva.edu.in | Finsler Geometry |
| 7 | Dr. Lakshmi Narayana S | narayan_sl@reva.edu.in | Graph Theory |
| 8 | Dr. Kavitha L | l.kavitha@reva.edu.in | Fluid Mechanics/Dynamics |
| 9 | Dr. Manjunatha N | manjunatha.n@reva.edu.in | Fluid Mechanics/Dynamics |
| 10 | Dr. P Sridevi | p.sridevi@reva.edu.in | Operations Research |
| 11 | Dr. U Vijaya Chandra Kumar | uvijaychandra.kumar@reva.edu.in | Graph Theory/ Domination Theory/ Chemical Graph Theory |
| 12 | Dr. Brinda Halambi | brindahalambi@reva.edu.in | Fluid Mechanics/Dynamics |
| 13 | Dr. Praveen Kumar K M | praveenkumara.km@reva.edu.in | Operations Research |
| 14 | Dr. J Santosh Kumar | santoshkumarj@reva.edu.in | Fluid Mechanics/Dynamics |
| 15 | Dr M. Saradha | saradha.m@reva.edu.in | Linear Algebra/Differential Equations |
| 16 | Dr. Salma A | salma.a@reva.edu.in | Fluid Mechanics/Dynamics |
| 17 | Dr. Gayathri K | gayathri.k@reva.edu.in | Graph Theory/Finsler Geometry |
| 18 | Dr. Sreegowrav | sreegowrav.kr@reva.edu.in | Fluid Mechanics/Dynamics |
| 19 | Dr. K Sushan Bairy | sushan.bairyk@reva.edu.in | Number Theory |
Department of Physics
| Sl.No | Name Of the Faculty | Email.Id | Area of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dr. M. Madesh Kumar | madeshkumar@reva.edu.in | Material Science, Polymer composites and NMR studies of glasses. |
| 2 | Dr.D.V.Sunitha | sunitha.dv@reva.edu.in | Nano materials and its applications in Light emitting diodes Thermoluminescence dosimeters and Latent finger prints |
| 3 | Dr. Jayadev Pattar | jayadevpattar@reva.edu.in | Semiconductor thin films/ Devices, polymer composites |
| 4 | Dr. Prakash Babu | prakashbabu.d@reva.edu.in | Material Science: Luminescence, Solar Cells, Polymer-Metal oxide
composites non-linear optics. photo catalysis, water treatement |
| 5 | Dr. K Munirathnam | munirathnam.k@reva.edu.in | Material Science Perovskite solar cells luminescence |
| 6 | Dr.K.Upendra Kumar | upendrakumar.k@reva.edu.in | Nano science and nano technology Laser spectroscopy Photonics |
| 7 | Dr. Pramodini S. | pramodini.s@reva.edu.in | Experimental condensed matter physics Nano materials and nano particles Lasers and Thin films Spectroscopic techniques |
| 8 | Dr. Mahipal Ranot | mahipalranot@reva.edu.in | Superconducting materials and their critical current properties |
| 9 | Dr. Deepak.K | deepak.k@reva.edu.in | Electrical study of semiconducting polymers polymer Solar cells. |
| 10 | Dr.Premkumar D.S | premkumar.ds@reva.edu.in | Thermoelectric and Solar energy materials |
| 11 | Dr. R. Ramaraghavulu | rajavaram.ramraghavulu@reva.edu.in | Supercapacitors Hydrogen evolution Layer materials DFT studies Photoluminesc. |
| 13 | Dr.Ashith | ashith.vk@reva.edu.in | Thin films |
| 14 | Dr G Ranjith kumar | ranjith.k@reva.edu.in | Spectroscopy& glass materials |
| 15 | Dr Ganesh Sridhar Hedge | ganesh.hegde@reva.edu.in | Astrophysics & Material Science |
Department of Bio Technology
| Sr. No | Name of the Faculty | Affiliation | Positions offered | CV link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dr.John D. Imig, Ph.D | Director, Drug Discovery Center, Professor & MCW Eminent Scholar, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226. | Adjunct Faculty and Advisory Board member | |
| 2 | Dr. R.S. Suresh Kumar | Assistant Professor, Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Abaya Campus, ARBA MINCH University, ARBA MINCH, Ethiopia. | Adjunt Faculty | |
| 3 | Dr. Althaf Hussain Shaik | Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. | Visiting Faculty | https://revaedu-my.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/uvijaychandra_kumar_reva_edu_in/EQGkySsjIExOmtZF3Ljc9dQBj8ilLaQwDc26vTmOpFibAg?e=gVLb9S |
Department of Chemistry
| Sr. No | Name of the Faculty | Affiliation | Positions offered | CV Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dr. Jagadeesh Rajenahally | Professor Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock) Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany | Visiting | https://mel.vsb.cz/en/team/jagadeesh-rajenahally/ |
| 2 | Dr. Sanjeev P. Maradur | Associate Professor, Materials Science Division, PPISR, Devenahalli, Chikkaballapur, Karnataka | Visiting | https://ppisr.res.in/faculty/sanjeev-p-maradur/ |
| 3 | Dr. Rajshekhar Karpoormath | Professor, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa | Visiting | https://pharmacy.ukzn.ac.za/discipline-staff/prof-rajshekhar-karpoormath/ |
| 4 | Dr. Narayanappa Sivasankar | CEO, Riogen, Inc, USA | Visiting | https://www.linkedin.com/in/sivasankar-narayanappa-2aa277140/ |
| 5 | Prof. Dilip Kumar Sarkar | Professor, University of Quebec, Canada | Visiting |
Department of Physics
| Sr. No | Name of the Faculty | Affiliation | Positions offered | CV link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prof. Nguyen Dang Nam | Electrochemistry - Metallurgy Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, 10C Tran Nhat Duat, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam HP: 0084 36 950 2004 |
Advisory member and Visiting Faculty | https://revaedu-my.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/madeshkumar_reva_edu_in/ESH_spXN64NGsoX-P9HKxUYBE6O0rTvdUcXQVwzz2xvnOQ?e=kq3rg3 |
Department of Bio Technology
| Sl. No. | Name of the Research Facility | Specification | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | REVA Research Center Center for Biotechnology and Molecular Biology |
Animal cell culture Lab | Centrifuge (cooling) |
| Biosafety Cabinet | Orbital shaker | ||
| RT - PCR | Multimode Microplate Reade | ||
| 6 | Chemidoc | ||
| Nanodrop | Sonicator | ||
| CO2 Incubator | Inverted Microscope | ||
| Refrigerated high Speed Centrifuge | Pathological microscope | ||
| Inverted Microscope | LAF unit (BT lab, MB Lab and PTC lab) | ||
| Thermo UV spectrophotometer | Clinical centrifuge | ||
| qRT-PCR | Orbital shaker incubator | ||
| UV-Vis Spectrophotometer | Rotary Evaporato | ||
| Thermal cycler | Ultra low temperature freezer (-80) | ||
| Camera lucidas prism type microscope | Lung function Sample | ||
| UV Transilluminator | Immuno electrophoresis unit | ||
| Biological Safety cabinet | Electron Blotting unit | ||
| Maxiphor UV system set | Gel Doc system | ||
| Ultra water purification system | Imaging system (Chemidoc) | ||
| Ultra probe sonicator | 3 in one microplate reader | ||
| Microtome | micro centrifuge | ||
| Semi dry blotting unit | Ice maker | ||
| Cell frost freezer | Other common laboratory instruments | ||
| High end computers (Linux based) 20 Computers |
16 GB RAM, Intel i5 Processor, 1 TB Harddisc | ||
| Windows Systems | |||
Department of Chemistry
| Sl. No. | Name of the Research Facility | Specification |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | REVA Research Centre Centre for Nano and Functional Materials Centre for Bioorganic Chemistry | FT-IR Spectrometer System with Universal Sampling Module & Eco ATR, Hydraulic press KBR MP-15 manual. |
| KBR Die-13mm, PC (Dell), Printer – Laser (Dell). | ||
| Electrochemical work station with Potentiostat/Galvaostat with impedance, CH Instruments with electrochemical analyzer & electrodes & Xenon Lamp source setup. | ||
| Microwave synthesizer : Power supply: 230V, 50 Hz/60 Hz, 1600 VA | ||
| Solar Simulator (Xenon lamp): Short Arc Xenon Lamp (CEL-S500) - Density Range: 0.1 - 5 Sun - Max Power: 500W | ||
| Photochemical water spliting reactor: 300 ml Quartz-UVR Glass Photochem. | ||
| Hot Air Oven Digital: 3 KV, Operating Temperature = 200C , Temperature Accuracy = ±10C | ||
| Muffle Furnace HTLP 3.0 KW: Working size : 6” x 6” x 12”, Digital Temperature Controller, Temp: 1000 degree Celsius, 3KW. 220/230V AC Supply. |
||
| Rotary Evaporator and Chiller for rotary evaporator Model: RV 10 Digital V, Dimension: 500x430x410mm IKA make, Permissible ambient temp: 5-400C |
||
| Freezer 400L: Operating Temperature = -15 to -25 degree Celsius, Temperature Accuracy = ±5 degree Celsius. |
||
| Ice flaker unit: 30Kg Per 24 Hrs, Storage capacity 5 KG, Ambient Temp. below 25°C | ||
| Ultra sonicator-15L capacity: Supertek, USB-D-15L | ||
| Refrigerator with stand Make: LG: Capacity: 284 Lts, Model:GN-322KPZY/2023, 3V solutions. DST/WOS-A/CS – 7/2020 |
||
| FUMEHOOD POLYPROPYLENE, Make: Labguard: 6 feet (Polypropylene (PP)-Ex-1800-LCV) with chemical storage base cabinet. a) Liner - Polypropylene (PP) (6 mm Thick) b) Sash -PolyCarbonate c) Ceramic Worktop d) Electrical Socket - 6 nos e) Tubelight fitting 20Watt - 1 no f) Utility Valves (Far make) - 4 nos (PW, N2, V, CA) g) Emergency stop button - 1 no h) Cable Manager - 1 no |
||
| High Speed Centrifuge Machine, make: Remi: Model: R-24, Accessories: Angular Rotor Head Maximum RPM: 11500 |
||
| Tubular Furnace Make: Pentagon Glasstech.: Tubular furnaces is used for calcination and preparation of materials at high temperature. (0-800 degree Celsius) |
||
| Battery Fabrication unit-Roller Press | ||
| Hydraulic coin cell crimper |
Department of Physics
| Sl. No. | Name of the Research Facility | Specification | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | REVA Research Centre Centre For Advanced Materials | FLS1000-SD-stm Steady State, Phosphorescence Lifetime and Fluorescence Lifetime Spectrometer |
450W Xenon Lamp, nF920 Ultrafast Nanosecond Flashlamp, SINGLE EXCITATION MONOCHROMATOR |
| IV characterizing instrument (Keithley source meter) | Model:2450 | ||
| Min:1 AMP | |||
| Electro chemical Analyser | PG-LYTE 1.0 | ||
| (cv measurements) | |||
| Thermoluminescence reader (TLD 1009) and UV source | TL10091 | ||
| Nucleonix | |||
| High temperature Furnace | Temperature range around 1300 oC | ||
| Magnetic stirrer | 400 rmp with heating plate | ||
| Weighing balance | Least count=0.1mg | ||
| Muffle furnace (900oC) | Temperature range around 9000c | ||
| Ultra Probe Sonicator (Probe diameter 6 mm) | LABMAN | ||
| PRO-250 | |||
| Spin coater | L18213 | ||
| 10000 rem | |||
| Digital weighing machine | AUV220D | ||
| Max 220g | |||
| Min 0.1g | |||
| Temperature variable magnetic stirrer | REMI | ||
| 2MLH | |||
| Maximum Temperature1000c | |||
| Hot air oven | CAPACITY 25hz | ||
| Micro oven | Capacity 23 litre | ||
| Hydrothermal bomb with setup (200 ml) | CAPACITY (200ML) | ||
| Vacuum pump | 100 Bar | ||
| Pelletizer | 10mm diameter | ||
| Xenon lamp (simulator) | 150w | ||
| Tunable light source | 200-800 nm | ||
| SolarCell characterization | Photochemistry, photobiology, and environment exposure testing. | ||
| Hydrothermal Bomb | 200 ml | ||
| Ultra Probe Sonicator | groups Frequency 20-25KHz - Automatic tracking Weight 10 kg | ||
| Auto muffle furnace | 2 No's | ||
| Fluorescence Spectrometer | Specifications: Nucleonix Systems, Micro Controller based Integral system and works as a PC controlled TL Reader. Built-in | ||
